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Preprint 36-2003

Block-diagonal and constraint preconditioners for nonsymmetric indefinite linear systems. Part I: Theory

Source file is available as :   Postscript Document

Author(s) : Eric de Sturler , Jörg Liesen

Preprint series of the Institute of Mathematics, Technische Universität Berlin
Preprint 36-2003

MSC 2000

65F10 Iterative methods for linear systems
65F15 Eigenvalues, eigenvectors
65D18 Computer graphics and computational geometry

Abstract :
We study block diagonal preconditioners and an efficient variant of constraint preconditioners for general two-by-two block linear systems with zero (2,2) block. We derive block diagonal preconditioners from a splitting of the (1,1)-block of the matrix. From the resulting preconditioned system we derive a smaller, so-called `related' system that yields the solution of the original problem. Solving the related system corresponds to an efficient implementation of constraint preconditioning.
We analyze the properties of both classes of preconditioned matrices, in particular their spectrum. Using analytical results we show that the related system matrix has the more favorable spectrum, which in many applications translates into faster convergence for Krylov subspace methods. We show that fast convergence depends mainly on the quality of the splitting, a topic for which a substantial body of theory exists. Our analysis also provides a number of new relations between block-diagonal preconditioners and constraint preconditioners. For constrained problems, solving the the related system produces iterates that satisfy the constraints exactly, just as for systems with a constraint preconditioner. Finally, for the Lagrange multiplier formulation of a constrained optimization problem we show how scaling nonlinear constraints can dramatically improve the convergence for linear systems in a Newton iteration. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments on a constrained optimization problem.

Keywords : Saddle point systems, indefinite systems, eigenvalue bounds, Krylov subspace methods, preconditioning, constrained optimization, mesh-flattening

Notes :
This paper is a revised version of "Block-diagonal preconditioners for indefinite linear algebraic systems. Part I: Theory", University of Illinois Computer Science Department technical report no. UIUCDCS-R-2002-2279.

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